4.0 A Retrospective of INFCIRCs 153 and 540
With Myron Kratzer, Rich Hooper, and Ambassador Norm Wulf
Santa Fe, NM · October 2005
4.1 Introductions (4:14)
Subtopics: IAEA Nobel Peace Prize award
4.2 Origins of INFCIRC/153 (6:34)
Subtopics: Early safeguards; materials accountability; inspector access; negotiation of INFCIRC/153
4.3 Origins of INFCIRC/540 (14:26)
Subtopics: Programme 93+2; Part 1 and Part 2 measures; intent vs. practice; small quantities protocol; pace of INFCIRC/540 implementation; Committee 24
4.4 NPT Negotiating History (6:56)
Subtopics: IAEA safeguards as established by the NPT; Euratom; NPT Article III; Committee 22; independent verification; INFCIRC/153, Para. 7
4.5 INFCIRCs 66 & 153 (4:30)
Subtopics: INFCIRC/26; origin of the Agency safeguards system
4.6 The Evolution of Safeguards (8:22)
Subtopics: Safeguards implementation; South Africa; use of third party information; Iraq; North Korea
4.7 Timely Detection & Significant Quantities (10:35)
Subtopics: Definitions; Standing Advisory Committee on Safeguards Implementation (SAGSI); undeclared activities with small quantities of nuclear material
4.8 North Korea’s Nuclear Program (7:24)
Subtopics: Plutonium discoveries; 1994 Agreed Framework; timely detection and significant quantities; IAEA use of third party information
4.9 IAEA Use of Third Party Information (1:52)
Subtopics: North Korea; independent confirmation and safeguards conclusions
4.10 The Inquisitive Inspector (9:04)
Subtopics: Information gathering and transmission; inspector training; state level approach
4.11 Access to Locations (12:55)
Subtopics: Undeclared activities; use of open source information; assuring the absence of undeclared activities; Agency requests for access; Iran; safeguards obligations of States
4.12 Decreasing the Cost of Safeguards vs. Strengthening Safeguards (10:01)
Subtopics: Effectiveness and efficiency of safeguards; cost neutrality; integrated safeguards; balancing Agency resources
4.13 Access to People (8:02)
Subtopics: INFCIRCs 153 and 540; Iraq; South Africa
4.14 540: A New Legal Instrument (10:02)
Subtopics: Agency and inspector access; information requirements; UNSCOM inspections; noncompliance and cheating
4.15 Universal Adherence (2:36)
Subtopics: INFCIRC/540 as a universal instrument; US Additional Protocol ratification
4.16 U.N. Security Council Resolution 1540 (12:21)
Subtopics: Technology holding and transfer; interdiction; new tools for nonproliferation
4.17 Restricting the Spread of ENR (7:44)
Subtopics: Nuclear energy expansion; spent fuel disposition; proliferation threat
4.18 Concluding Remarks (5:26)
Subtopics: Tribute to the participants; negotiation of INFCIRC/540
4.19 Excerpt: Iraq & Environmental Sampling (12:32)
Subtopics: Programme 93+2; on-site inspections; regional environmental surveillance
Video transcripts in text form are in Document Library
